The Glorious Quran, like a profound and undulating sea, encompasses divine wisdom and guides humanity toward felicity and perfection. The verses of this celestial Book, using a steadfast and lofty style, delineate the tenets of a faithful life and, by explicating exalted religious values, direct human beings toward transcendence. This compilation, through reflection on selected verses from the sacred surahs, endeavours to present the profound and practical meanings of these verses in a scholarly and systematic format for specialist audiences and religious researchers. Each section, employing refined Persian metaphors and analogies, offers exegesis of the verses and, through semantic linkages, preserves the coherence of the text.
The structure of this treatise is such that each verse or group of related verses is examined as a discrete section, and through profound analyses, prescriptions for living in an Islamic society are elucidated. The diction is noble, clear, and suited to the academic milieu so as to be attractive and effective for educated readers.
This section, by contemplating a verse from Surah Tawbah, investigates the concept of religious brotherhood and the status of repentance in the Islamic value system. This verse, like a radiant light, dispels the darkness of estrangement and emphasises unity within the Islamic community.
فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلاَةَ وَآَتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَنُفَصِّلُ الاَْيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ
So if they repent and establish prayer and give zakh, then they are your brothers in religion. And We elucidate the verses for a people who know.
(Tawbah: 11)
This verse, akin to a key that unlocks closed locks, opens the gates of divine mercy to those who repent. The Exalted God declares that polytheists who, after years of disbelief and persecutions of Muslims, turn toward faith and, by establishing prayer and paying zakh, shall be placed among the ranks of your religious brethren. This acceptance is not founded on geography or pedigree but rests upon faith and righteous action. It is as if repentance, like a purifying rain, cleanses the past and positions one among the devout of old.
Key Point: In Islam, repentance is a bridge to unity and brotherhood, whereby the past is effaced in the light of faith.
The Quran issues decisive directives toward belligerent polytheists and covenantbreakers who perpetrate corruption, yet for those who repent, it offers an open embrace. This approach is like a clear sea that retains no impurity and regards all in the light of faith as equals. In the religious culture, there is no requirement to test the sincerity of repentant individuals; the establishment of prayer and payment of zakh are the evidence of their honest intention. Some viewpoints that use individuals past as a yardstick for judgment do not align with this divine methodology.
In selecting and deploying human resources for social responsibilities, one must attend to the required standard, not categorize past. Matters that have threshold requirementssuch as leading Friday prayers which require genuine justice, or leadership that does not admit partnershipdemand careful assessment. The ideologue of the Islamic society must discern the nature of positions so that justice may prevail.
This verse emphasises the importance of unity and acceptance of repentance, and demonstrates that Islam does not sacrifice the past for the future; rather, through inward transformation, religious brotherhood is actualised.
This section, in connection with the concept of religious brotherhood, examines a verse from Surah Tawbah that underscores the Prophets trust in the believers and divine mercy. This verse is like a bridge that links unity with trust.
وَمِنْهُمُ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ النَّبِيَّ، وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ أُذُنٌ، قُلْ أُذُنُ خَيْرٍ لَكُمْ، يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ، وَيُؤْمِنُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَرَحْمَةٌ لِلَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ، وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
And among them are those who abuse the Prophet and say, He is an ear. Say, An ear of good for you: he believes in Allah and believes the believers, and [he is] a mercy to those among you who believe. And those who abuse the Messenger of Allah for them is a painful punishment.
(Tawbah: 61)
This verse regards the Prophet as a compassionate teacher who places trust in his students. He not only believes in God, but also believes in the believers, and this trust, like a flowing river, brings mercy into the Islamic community. An Islamic ruler must lean upon the faithful so that unity is preserved.
Key Point: Trust in believers is the foundation of mercy and unity in the Islamic society.
This verse emphasises the importance of trusting believers and demonstrates that this belief brings divine mercy to the community.
This section, linked to trust and unity, examines a verse from Surah Anfal that emphasises the necessity of acquiring strength for deterrence. This verse is like a steadfast shield that safeguards societal security.
وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ وَمِنْ رِبَاطِ الْخَيْلِ، تُرْهِبُونَ بِهِ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ وَعَدُوَّكُمْ، وَآَخَرِينَ مِنْ دُونِهِمْ لاَ تَعْلَمُونَهُمُ، اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُهُمْ، وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ شَيْءٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يُوَفَّ إِلَيْكُمْ، وَأَنْتُمْ لاَ تُظْلَمُونَ
And prepare against them whatever you are able of power and of steeds of war by which you may terrify the enemy of Allah and your enemy and others besides them whom you do not know [but] whom Allah knows. And whatever you spend in the cause of Allah will be fully repaid to you, and you will not be wronged.
(Anfal: 60)
This verse, in times of peace, emphasises readiness and the acquisition of deterrent capacity. The Islamic society, like a potent body, must be powerful so that the viruses of enemies cannot harm it. This power even legitimises advanced means for deterrence.
Key Point: Deterrent power is the key to security and dignity in the face of adversaries.
Weakness reveals hidden enemies and turns friends into adversaries. It is a law of nature that strength brings security, and weakness invites vulnerability.
This verse emphasises the necessity of acquiring power for deterrence and calls the Islamic society to perpetual readiness.
This section, in connection with deterrent capacity, examines a verse from Surah Anfal that stresses the precedence of power over wealth.
وَإِذْ يَعِدُكُمُ اللَّهُ إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ أَنَّهَا لَكُمْ وَتَوَدُّونَ أَنَّ غَيْرَ ذَاتِ الشَّوْكَةِ تَكُونُ لَكُمْ وَيُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُحِقَّ الْحَقَّ بِكَلِمَاتِهِ وَيَقْطَعَ دَابِرَ الْكَافِرِينَ
And when Allah promised you one of the two factions (that it would be yours) you wished that the unarmed one would be yours, but Allah intended to establish the truth by His words and eliminate the disbelievers.
(Anfal: 7)
This verse considers power as the source of grandeur, not wealth. Wealth without power is akin to a jewel without a guard, leading to humiliation. The Muslims must form a united front so that dignity remains intact.
Key Point: Power is the key to dignity, and wealth without it leads to degradation.
This verse stresses the priority of power over wealth and invites Muslims to form a united front.
This section, in relation to power, examines a verse from Surah Anfal that explicates the role of leadership in war.
فَلَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمْ وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمَى وَلِيُبْلِيَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْهُ بَلاَءً حَسَنًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
And you did not kill them, but Allah killed them; and you threw not when you did throw, but it was Allah who threw that He might test the believers by a good test. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing.
(Anfal: 17)
This verse attributes victory to God and regards the Prophet as a commander of war who does not necessarily require direct presence. Management is the spirit of warfare that determines victory.
Key Point: Management is superior to the execution of war, and capable commanders govern from afar.
This verse emphasises the importance of management in war and regards victory as the product of divine guidance.
This section, in relation to management, examines a verse from Surah Anfal that accentuates the role of patience in enhancing strength.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ، حَرِّضِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ إِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَابِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا مِأَتَيْنِ وَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِأَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا أَلْفًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لاَ يَفْقَهُونَ
O Prophet, urge the believers to fight. If there are among you twenty who are patient, they will overcome two hundred. And if there are among you one hundred, they will overcome one thousand of those who disbelieve because they are a people who do not understand.
(Anfal: 65)
This verse regards patience as a source of multiplied strength. Patience enables the aggregation of force and empowers the believers.
Key Point: Patience is the key to aggregation and tenfold strength.
This verse considers patience to be the code of victory and introduces endurance as the source of believers power.
This section, linked to patience, examines a verse from Surah Anfal that stresses divine assistance for the patient.
الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنْكُمْ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفًا فَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِئَةٌ صَابِرَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ وَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُم أَلْفٌ يَغْلِبُوا أَلْفَيْنِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ
Now Allah has lightened [the burden] for you, and He knows that within you is weakness. So if there are among you one hundred who are patient, they will overcome two hundred. And if there are among you one thousand, they will overcome two thousand by permission of Allah. And Allah is with the patient.
(Anfal: 66)
This verse offers metaphysical assistance to the weak and multiplies their power through patience.
Key Point: Divine assistance multiplies the power of the patient.
This verse emphasises Gods aid for the patient and regards metaphysical power as a source of victory.
This section, in connection with metaphysical power, examines a verse from Surah Tawbah that emphasizes the necessity of presence on the battlefield.
وَعَلَى الثَّلاَثَةِ الَّذِينَ خُلِّفُوا حَتَّى إِذَا ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الاَْرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَظَنُّوا أَنْ لاَ مَلْجَأَ مِنَ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَتُوبُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ
And [also] on the three who were left behind (when the battle set out) until, when the earth constricted for them with what it encompassed, and their souls constricted, and they perceived that there is no refuge from Allah except to Him then He turned to them so they might repent; indeed, Allah is ever Accepting of repentance, Most Merciful.
(Tawbah: 118)
This verse censures abstention from participating in battle and considers it a cause of lifes constriction. Presence in the field, like a civic tax, ensures the preservation of the system.
Key Point: Effective presence is a civic duty to preserve the Islamic order.
This verse emphasises the necessity of presence in the field and censures dereliction.
This section, linked to presence on the field, examines a verse from Surah Muhammad that underscores steadfastness until victory.
فَلاَ تَهِنُوا، وَتَدْعُوا إِلَى السَّلْمِ، وَأَنْتُمُ الاَْعْلَوْنَ، وَاللَّهُ مَعَكُمْ، وَلَنْ يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ
So do not weaken and call for peace while you are superior, and Allah is with you and will never deprive you of [the reward of] your deeds.
(Muhammad: 35)
This verse summons the believers to resistance and forbids inviting peace in the midst of war. Religious scholars emphasised perseverance, though the absence of courageous companions sometimes hindered it.
Key Point: Perseverance until victory or martyrdom is a divine duty.
This verse underscores resistance until victory and condemns peace during war.
This section, connected to perseverance, examines a verse from Surah Anfal that delineates the conditions for peace with disbelievers.
وَإِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَاجْنَحْ لَهَا، وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ، إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ
And if they incline to peace, then incline to it [also] and rely upon Allah. Indeed, it is He who is Hearing and Knowing.
(Anfal: 61)
This verse permits peace with weak disbelievers, but in conjunction with reliance, which implies the reinforcement of power. Disbelievers exploit peace to strengthen themselves; therefore, Muslims must preserve their own authority.
The subsequent verse emphasises Gods sufficiency: وَإِنْ يُرِيدُوا أَنْ يَخْدَعُوكَ فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ، هُوَ الَّذِي أَيَّدَكَ بِ نَصْرِهِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
This verse stresses peace while preserving authority, and reliance as the key to success.
This section, in continuity with peace, examines a verse from Surah Tawbah that prioritises granting security to seekers.
وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلاَمَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبْلِغْهُ مَأْمَنَهُ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ
And if one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the words of Allah; then deliver him to his place of safety. That is because they are a people who do not know.
(Tawbah: 6)
This verse commands offering refuge to polytheists who seek knowledge and guarantees their safety.
Key Point: Islam ensures cultural security to those seeking truth.
This verse stresses granting security to seekers and reflects the merciful character of Islam.
This section, building on security, examines a verse from Surah Anfal that forbids flight in battle.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا زَحْفًا فَلاَ تُوَلُّوهُمُ الاَْدْبَارَ
O you who have believed, when you meet those who disbelieve advancing [for battle], do not turn to them your backs [in flight].
(Anfal: 15)
This verse considers flight from battle as prohibited and censures passive diplomacy.
Key Point: Steadfastness in battle is a sign of faith.
This verse affirms perseverance and warns that flight leads to divine punishment.
This section, tied to steadfastness, examines a verse from Surah Tawbah that emphasizes severity toward disbelievers.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ يَلُونَكُمْ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ وَلْيَجِدُوا فِيكُمْ غِلْظَةً وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ
O you who have believed, fight those adjacent to you of the disbelievers and let them find in you hardness. And know that Allah is with the righteous.
(Tawbah: 123)
This verse commands a disposition suited to circumstances and holds that sternness toward the enemy prevents war.
Key Point: Appropriate disposition is essential for victory.
This verse underscores proportional conduct and deems severity necessary to preserve dignity.
This section, following disposition, examines a verse from Surah Ynus that emphasises respect for people.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ جَاءَتْكُمْ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَشِفَاءٌ لِمَا فِي الصُّدُورِ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
O mankind, there has come to you instruction from your Lord and healing for what is in the breasts and guidance and mercy for the believers.
(Ynus: 57)
This verse considers the Quran a remedy for the people and necessitates respect for them.
Key Point: Respect for people is the foundation of guidance.
This verse underscores the sanctity of people and considers it the key to guidance.
This section, in connection with guidance, examines a verse from Surah d that emphasises swift judgment.
وَشَدَدْنَا مُلْكَهُ وَآَتَيْنَاهُ الْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ الْخِطَابِ
And We strengthened his kingdom and gave him wisdom and decisive speech.
(d: 20)
This verse deems rapid adjudication necessary and censures prolonging it.
Key Point: Decisive judgment preserves justice.
This verse emphasises prompt adjudication and considers it the key to justice.
This section, following adjudication, examines a verse from Surah Ghfir that emphasises the difference between truth and falsehood.
وَقَالَ الَّذِي آَمَنَ يَا قَوْمِ اتَّبِعُونِ أَهْدِكُمْ سَبِيلَ الرَّشَادِ
And he who believed said, O my people, follow me; I will guide you to the path of rectitude.
(Ghfir: 38)
This verse shows the similarity of slogans but highlights the difference in implementation.
Key Point: Implementation distinguishes truth from falsehood.
This verse emphasises the difference in action and mandates rightful implementation.
This section, following slogans, examines a verse from Surah Saba that elucidates the nature of politics.
فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْمَوْتَ مَا دَلَّهُمْ عَلَى مَوْتِهِ إِلاَّ دَابَّةُ الاَْرْضِ تَأْكُلُ مِنْسَأَتَهُ، فَلَمَّا خَرَّ تَبَيَّنَتِ الْجِنُّ أَنْ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ الْغَيْبَ مَا لَبِثُوا فِي الْعَذَابِ الْمُهِينِ
And when We decreed for him death, nothing indicated to them his death except a creature of the earth which ate his staff. Then when he fell, the jinn perceived that if they had known the unseen, they would not have remained in humiliating punishment.
(Saba: 14)
This verse regards politics as devoid of sanctity, and wisdom and love as the key to influence.
Key Point: Politics without wisdom is deprived of love.
This verse emphasises the nonsanctity of politics and insists on the indispensability of love.
This section, connected to politics, examines a verse from Surah Anm that reproaches narcissism and ignorance.
وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ مِمَّا ذَرَأَ مِنَ الْحَرْثِ وَالاَْنْعَامِ نَصِيبًا فَقَالُوا هَذَا لِلَّهِ بِزَعْمِهِمْ وَهَذَا لِشُرَكَائِنَا فَمَا كَانَ لِشُرَكَائِهِمْ فَلاَ يَصِلُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَمَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ فَهُوَ يَصِلُ إِلَى شُرَكَائِهِمْ سَاءَ مَا يَحْكُمُونَ
And they assigned to Allah from what He produced of crops and livestock a share and said, This is for Allah, by their claim, and this is for our partners. But what is for their partners does not reach Allah, while what is for Allah this reaches their partners. Evil is that which they rule.
(Anm: 136)
This verse condemns the erroneous beliefs of the polytheists and regards their ignorance as the source of leaders narcissism. Ignorance, like fertile soil, nurtures narcissism.
The next verse links ignorance to infanticide: وَكَذَلِكَ زَيَّنَ لِكَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَتْلَ أَوْلاَدِهِمْ
This verse holds ignorance as the source of corruption and asserts the necessity of infallible leadership.
This section, following ignorance, examines a verse from Surah Arf that censures boundarycrossers.
ادْعُوا رَبَّكُمْ تَضَرُّعًا وَخُفْيَةً إِنَّهُ لاَ يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ
Call upon your Lord humbly and privately. Indeed, He does not like transgressors.
(Arf: 55)
This verse censures those who transgress limitsoften politiciansand regards politics as the lowest of vocations.
Key Point: Transgression marks the corruption of power.
This verse deems transgression forbidden and politics unlovable.
This section, following boundarycrossing, examines a verse from Surah Tawbah that censures arrogance.
الَّذِينَ يَلْمِزُونَ الْمُطَّوِّعِينَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ
Those who ridicule the volunteers among the believers in [their] charitable contributions and those who find nothing but their effort to give so they ridicule them Allah will ridicule them; and they will have a humiliating punishment.
(Tawbah: 79)
This verse considers arrogance as a source of mockery and ignorance as its root.
Key Point: Arrogance stems from ignorance.
This verse censures arrogance and deems mockery as punitive.
This section, building on arrogance, examines a verse from Surah l Imrn that forbids hypocrisy.
وَلِيَعْلَمَ الَّذِينَ نَافَقُوا وَقِيلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْا قَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَوِ ادْفَعُوا
And so that He may know those who are hypocrites. And it was said to them, Come, fight in the way of Allah or defend. They said, If we had known fighting, we would have followed you. They were nearer to disbelief than to faith that day, speaking with their mouths what was not in their hearts. And Allah knows best what they conceal.
(l Imrn: 167)
This verse sees hypocrisy as prevalent in authoritarian societies and deems it worse than sin.
Key Point: Hypocrisy leads to disbelief.
This verse declares hypocrisy forbidden and emphasises the removal of tyranny.
This section, linked to hypocrisy, examines a verse from Surah Annisa that deems resort to tght forbidden.
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ آَمَنُوا بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ
Have you not considered those who claim to have believed in what was revealed to you and what was revealed before you? They wish to refer judgment to Tght, while they were told to disbelieve in it. And Satan wishes to lead them far astray.
(Annisa: 60)
This verse forbids recourse to corrupt authority and renders it permissible only in necessity.
Key Point: Turning to tght reinforces corruption.
This verse forbids resort to tght and censures bribery.
This compilation, through contemplation of Quranic verses, elucidated exalted religious principles. From brotherhood and trust to power and perseverance, these verses guide the path of felicity. Narcissism, arrogance, hypocrisy, and tght are obstacles that divine guidance removes. This treatise, in a noble diction, presented these insights for researchers.
Under the supervision of Sdeq Khdami
