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Shawq: A Mystical Journey through the Manzil al-Sirn

of Nokounam , Session 504

Preface

The station of Shawq (ardent longing), akin to a soul-enlivening breeze along the path of mystical progress, sets the pilgrims heart in motion towards the absent Beloved. This station, which occupies an exalted position in Khwajah Abdullah Ansaris Manzil al-Sirn, functions as a bridge between the deficiency wrought by divine absence and the perfection entailed in union with the Truth. Shawq blazes like a fervent flame within the devotees heart, beckoning them towards the removal of the veil and the ultimate vision of the Divine Presence.

Section One: Explication of the Concept of Shawq in Mystical Wayfaring

Definition of Shawq

Within Islamic mysticism, Shawq is defined as ubb al-Qalb il Ghib a delightful breeze of the heart that moves the wayfarers soul toward the absent Beloved. This motion resembles an anxiety originating from the deprivation of the Divine Presence, guiding the seeker towards the lifting of the veil and the attainment of the vision of the Truth.

Key Insight: Shawq acts as a propelling engine, driving the wayfarer from spiritual inertia toward dynamic motion, though it is fundamentally rooted in the deficiency of absence.

Shawq in the Mystical Paradigm

In the tradition of the mystics, shawq is considered a grand yet imperfect state, due to its foundation upon the absence of the Beloved. Mystics, whose journey hinges upon the constant witnessing and abiding presence of the Truth, regard shawq as a form of pain that draws the wayfarer towards perfection. The Holy Quran, emphasising the perpetual presence of the Divine, does not explicitly mention the term shawq, but instead references raj (hope), as in the verse:

مَن كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّ أَجَلَ اللَّهِ لَآتٍ
(Srah al-Ankabt, 29:5)

Whoever hopes to meet Allah indeed, the term of Allah is coming. (Translated by )

This verse introduces raj as the hope for the Divine encounter, which corresponds to shawq in spirit; yet, owing to the Quranic emphasis on the continuous Divine Presence, the word shawq itself is not employed.

Deficiency and Perfection within Shawq

The ardent seeker is incomplete, insofar as the Beloved is not manifest to them, yet their yearning for divine union propels them along the path of perfection. Shawq is a double-edged sword: it contains the inherent lack borne of absence whilst simultaneously stirring the desire for consummate fulfilment.

Key Insight: Shawq serves as a ladder of ascent, guiding the wayfarer from the deficiency of absence towards the plenitude of presence.

The Pain and Remedy of Shawq

The pain of shawq is itself the remedy. Although the wayfarer suffers from the absence of the Beloved, this very agony acts as a spark that propels them toward divine union. This pain is the motivating force which rouses the seeker from spiritual stasis and leads them to the removal of the veil.

The True Agent in the Mystical Journey

Within the mystical path, the true agent is the ultimate goal itself. Just as thirst directs a person towards water, but satiation is the cause of movement, so too does shawq move the seeker toward the Beloved. The real agent is not the seeker themselves but the Divine Reality that summons them towards union.

Supplication and Its Acceptance

Prayer itself is evidence of acceptance, for its existence manifests the presence of yearning and seeking. The wayfarer afflicted with the pain of shawq possesses the remedy, whereas the one without pain remains bereft of cure. Prayer acts as a mirror, reflecting the inner ardour of the seeker.

Key Insight: Prayer is the manifestation of shawq, and its presence signals the seekers readiness to receive divine grace.

Section Two: The Degrees of Shawq and Its Distinction from Worship

The Degrees of Shawq

Shawq manifests in three degrees:

  1. Shawq of the Worshipper (bid): This yearning is directed towards Paradise, safety from fear, or attainment of blessings. The worshippers devotion arises from either fear of punishment or desire for reward.
  2. Shawq of the Seeker (Murd): This yearning is grounded in love and the pursuit of divine encounter. Despite the presence of veils, the seeker strives to remove them and advance towards union.
  3. Shawq of the Gnostic (rif): This yearning culminates in existential annihilation and direct witnessing of the Truth. At this stage, the gnostic transcends selfhood and carnal attachments, annihilating in the Divine Reality.
Key Insight: The shawq of the gnostic represents the summit of the spiritual journey, uniting the seeker with the Divine.

Distinction Between the Worshipper and the Ardently Yearning

The ardently yearning seeker (mushq), despite the lack entailed by the absence of the Beloved, is superior to the worshipper (bid), who worships out of fear of Hellfire or desire for Paradise. The worshipper remains ensnared within the veil without intent to break it, whereas the yearning seeker actively strives for its removal.

The motives of the worshipper are categorised as follows:

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